Class and Status

Class & Status

Class: A system of ordering society whereby people are divided into sets based on perceived social or economic status.

Status: 

Relative social or professional position; standing.

Upper Class: the social group that has the highest status in society, especially the aristocracy.

Middle Class: the social group between the upper and working classes, including professional and business people and their families.

Working Class: the social group consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work.

Lower Class: the social group that has the lowest status; the working class.

Doctor Who Assessment:

Doctor Who Assessment:

In this essay, I will be talking about camera, editing, sound, mise-en-scene and how gender is presented.

Throughout the filming you see the camera movement changes during the clip. When she first walks into the room, I see that the camera is placed over Masters Shoulder, and you see Martha walking into the room. The next shot that is shown is a pan, which goes from left to right (high angle), which signifies that she is scared and not knowing what is going to happen. When Martha and the Master are talking, I see that the camera does a 180 rule which displays that they are showing the audience both sides of what is happening. Also, by using a high angle it gives the scene some tension as it shows that the Master is in charge, this shows that the gender has been presented in a way as if the Master is in charge and everything has to be done his way and Martha is shown to be less powerful compared to the Master. When Martha is explaining the story, the camera changes direction from her face to getting the view of the countdown, to show that she hasn’t got much time to tell her story before something happens and gives the scene tension. Furthermore, when analysing the scene I see that we get a close up of the Master when he tries to get the sonic screw driver, when it falls onto the floor you get an extreme close up of it and it displays who is going to get it first.

In this part of the scene, there has been a range of editing when they characterised by the use of cut transitions and the use of transitional flash effects to signpost past events. The pacing of the extract is important at the beginning of the sequence it is slow and orchestrated as the female character slowly marches towards the Master – this slowness in the sequence of shots signifies her attention, to what is happening around her. Martha Jones is represented as a strong woman who acts centrally to the function of the narrative and is a messenger. Martha is a confident woman and it is she who helps the Doctor defeat the Master. She is articulate and confident, yet calm under pressure. The Doctor’s success is due to her intelligent and calm actions and her role of delivering the message to the four corners of the earth. They have also included more editing in the more dramatic and faster paced when the prime minster is controlling the technology.

By including diegetic sound when Martha is explaining to the Master what she has done it shows that she is in control and she is in charge of what is going to happen. At the start when the Master walks in I see that there is music in the background and gives the scene more tension and shows that he is in charge. The wind is harrowing as Martha Jones walks the earth and the metallic jingle, which accompanies the Doctor’s metamorphosis signifies the magic of the transformation.

The clothes, hair and makeup is different for each style of character in the scene. By the Master wearing a suit it signifies that he is in charge and in control of everything.  Also the girl in the red dress could signify that she is evil but innocent in another way. The way that Martha is dressed is un-casual but it shows that she is innocent.  Furthermore, by having the maids in the background it shows that the Master is in control of everything. For most of the extract the Master is positioned powerfully in the frame whilst he controls the interior of the spaceship and the characters, the Doctor undergoes a transformation when the Doctor becomes a man again, he is reborn and becomes a powerful challenger to the Master’s powers, which have evaded him by the end of the extract.

When the doctor gets released there is a range of lighting round him to signify when everyone is shouting doctor the lighting changes. They have included a range of props as they use a countdown to give the scene some tension and grab audience attention towards it. At the start of the scene you get a view of where things are being taken place.

The way that gender has been presented in the scene is that at the start the Master is in control but in the end who had controlled was Martha because she ended up getting her way and it shows that women’s are more powerful.

Later on in the scene it shows to be that Martha is quite dominate. By including high angles it shows that Martha was shown to be very vulnerable and lack of confidence compared to the Master as he seemed to be more powerful.  By the end of the scene you end up seeing that Martha has more control even though he was in a suit, the women ended up having more control and was shown as the more powerful in.

How to write about editing

Editing and Representation:

Action Match:

When you are following a single character for example Billy Elliot dancing, it is just technical device, but when an action match is used for inter-cutting, it can also be heighten the parallels/ contrasts between two different situation and offers an opportunity for juxtaposition.

Above you will see a action match, when you see there is two shots of the same scene but different positions are edited to show a continuous stream throughout the scene

Eye-line Match:

An eyeline match it usually provided when your insight to a character's private thoughts.

Above you will see an eye-line match, it is when your path looking eye and is similar to shot reverse shot. it is based on the audience wanting to view what the character on the screen in viewing. The camera starts on the character looking at something the audience can not see, but then it cuts to the object or the person they are looking at.

Final Shot:

It is any scene, which a character/s are shown in the final shot of the sequence, it is often the character with which the audience is expected to identify.

Above you see a final shot of a sequence, you see in the image that the man is trying to put the ball inside the basket, and the character with which the audience is expected to identify with what is going to happen.

Inter-cutting; Juxtaposition:

It is typically a narrative device, inter-cutting which can set up juxtaposition between parallel story-lines, exaggerating the impact or meaning of each by highlighting a point of difference. For example; In Eastenders on the wedding night, the warmth, light and music of the happy pre-wedding feast is in stark contrast with the two unhappy families represented in the cold and dark whenever we cut away. This provides a more favourable representation of Asian family life over white Londoners.

Inter-cutting: Tension:

Cutting between two story-lines which creates tension and can heighten the audience identification with a particular character.

In this video; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooROzkPMHfo&safe=active

You see the inter-cutting tension in this scene when the tiger come out of nowhere and where she has to fight the tiger in her digger to get him away.

Jump Cuts:

Jump cuts are rarely used in TV or films, when they are they tend to suggest either a) chaos and disorder, b) self-conscious ellipsis (drawing attention to the rapid pace of the action) or c) a director who likes to break the rules.

Above you see a jump cut, it is when the film editing in which two similar shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly.

Motivation:

A motivated edit is any transition forced on the editor by the development of the action, narrative or character. Whenever shot (a) refers to the existence of an event outside the frame, and we then cut to (b) which shows that event, that’s a motivated edit. We can sometimes judge a character’s worth or importance by the number of cuts they motivate.

Above you see that in that he is motivated to do it and it going to do anything to win.

Pace of editing:

This can imply character qualities, especially if only one or two characters are in the sequence. A fast pace might suggest energy or panic (depending on context) while infrequent cuts (long takes) might suggest calm, a casual attitude, or provide documentary-style realism. Similar effects can be achieved with speed ramping and slow-motion.

Above you see that changing the length of the shot changes the pace and this can emphasize a change in the film as well e.g. a change in mood or contrast, one part of the action with another.

Prevalence:

How much screen time does a character get? The more time we see them on screen, the more important their role. This can develop during a scene to change character’s status.

This is for who gets the most time of the screen. The more time they are on, it shows that they are more important.

Selection: To show or not to show:

As film-makers yourselves, it can sometimes be interesting to ask what information has been included or omitted in an edit.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooROzkPMHfo&safe=active

Primevel; When Jenny is in trouble at the barn we don't cut away to see the rest of the team arriving which makes it seem that Jenny is more vulnerable and is very different to Cutter and Abi.

Shot/Reverse Shit and Reaction Shot:

Shot /Reverse Shot indicates the relationship between two characters: it signifies and sometimes exaggerates their closeness or their opposition (depending on the context). The amount of time given to a character’s reaction shots can convey their status in the scene. 

Synergy and technological convergence

Synergy and technological convergenc

Synergy: It's the simultaneous release

Technological Convergence:

Headmaster Michael Meets the Barrys: Waterloo Road Throwback Thursdays

Headmaster Michael Meets the Barrys: Waterloo Road Throwback Thursdays

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVPxHfm8D5Y

In this scene I will be talking about how gender has been presented in the clip.

There is a range of camera angles, as there is close ups, long shots and a range of another angles being presented through the scene. Also by having mid shots it shows the audience the protagonist faces and the way they are reacting towards school. By including a range of shots it gives the scene a different affect. There is a range of movement in the camera, they have used the 180 rule which shows that they are following the rules because the camera only turns in a 180 way. When the mum was speaking it changes the camera angle, as they are showing her face and the way that they are being presented throughout the scene. They have also included a pan and a zoom which presents they have used a range of angles and shots in the scene.

The sound that has been included is sound, by being in a school is very quiet at the moment but it is because everyone is lesson and it shows that there is not a lot of sound happening in the scene, but there is a lot of dialogue as the parent is talking to the director of the school about their kids joining the school. Also there is diegetic sound in some areas of the scene which gives an affect towards it because it makes the scene intense and grabs the audience attention into wanting to discover more with what is happening in the scene.

Furthermore, they have also included a range of cutting and transitions for example when they are sat in the in the office waiting to be spoken to, it cuts from one scene to another as one minute there is a teacher leaving the room and another person editing which represents that they have used a range of cutting and effects so that it makes the scene fit together and make it look like it has all been filmed together and give the audience something to look forward to as they wouldn’t know what is going to happen next in the scene. They have included an eye-line match which goes from one character’s face to it looking at what the character is looking at in the scene. In the background when the parent and head-teacher are speaking there is a phone ringing in the background which presents that there could be other things happening throughout the scene whilst they are in lesson

The scene has included a range of props so that it makes it look like a real school and by including a range of props it makes the scene more realistic and it gives the audience the idea that they are in a school. The lighting that has been including gives the scene a different affect because when they are sat in the office it gives a different affect and it makes the parent (mum) in control with what is happening because the mum and the children have a different lighting reflecting on them, which could represent that there mum is controlling them, and that they must do what there mum says. Each character has their own appearance which makes the scene more appealing to the audience as it represents as you don’t know what will happen throughout the time they are in school because there is of appearances in the scene. There makeup, hair and costume is different for each person that goes to the school just the clothes they have to wear must be the same as they are entering a school and they should wear the school uniform to show what school they go to.

The way gender has been presented in this scene is that there is a range of ages being presented in the scene which shows that there isn’t an exact type of gender. But by having an older head teacher it presents that he has done this job before and they know that they will have more experience about this and shows that they have more control towards this, nevertheless by also using a man as a head teacher it shows that they have a lot more control as men are presented as being strong and bring in control of everything, also by having younger people it could present to the audience that they don’t have much of an understanding with what is going on but is getting better more of an experience at working at the school but by using a female it could also present they don’t have much control and power of the school and they are better at doing other stuff round the school. Furthermore by including a range of ages it makes the scene more realistic because when you are in school there is a range of ages in the school and it also gives a different affect.

Spectre Research

Film promo research specre from susanamariz24

Avengers Research

Film promo research avengers from susanamariz24

Key words

Gender: This is the state of being a male or female typically used as a social term not biological

Stereotype: A widely held but fixed image or idea of a particular person or thing. For example the stereotype of all British people loving tea.

Archetype: A universal type or model of character this is found in many different texts e.g. hero, temptress, loyal friend, wise old lady etc.

Mediation: Is a process media companies go through to alter information that is within them. AN example of mediation is alteration of an album released by a popular band through the studio process and editing by producer’s the end result has been edited at the end result has been edited and does not like the band playing their instrument without editing.

Hegemonic Names: This describes the domination of a culturally diverse society by one social class who manipulate the culture of the society.

Gender in TV Drama

Gender in TV Drama

Stereotype for women:

TV dramas are always thought to be a female-viewer-attracted industry, especially for soap operas, but some as other types of television programs, TV drama represent and reinforce the majority’s ideology western culture. The role of a female character is to make the male character appear more important to the series.

Also, it is interesting how the female characters professional achievement correlate with her physical appearance. This is stereotype is used in TV Dramas to express that the highly intelligent women are represented as inferior whereas the more sexualised and typical blonde, character are considered to have more of important role in the drama. Another example could be advertising. Betty is a full time housewife is shown as an elegant blonde, with nice figure and Peggy is an ambitious secretary who later becomes a copywriter, it is much less attractive for the audience that is watching the drama.

Female character have professional lives and usually have to be ignored and more often they are portrayed as house views who take care of children and family chores every day, but it is not ambitious at all in building a career. Even if the women do work, they are often shown on a TV in traditional feminine jobs such as being a teacher, secretaries and nurses which is kind of a professions which is all required to be patience and many more things. For example, Samantha from EastEnders left her husband to pursue a career in modelling but it was unsuccessful.

Stereotype for men:

Stereotype for men is that they are shown to appear as a strong and powerful, mentally and physically. The males appear to be the elements that face of TV drama as they are seen as an important role due to their abilities.  For example an example of a strong male character is the Doctor from Doctor Who, his character is presented as strong due to his vast knowledge of his planets, strategies and monsters to face up against. Although he can’t resist travelling with a female companion, this makes his character seem more important as he has an inferior with him which makes him superior.

Headmaster Michael Meets the Barrys: Waterloo Road Throwback Thursdays and how gender is presented

Headmaster Michael Meets the Barrys: Waterloo Road Throwback Thursdays

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVPxHfm8D5Y

In this scene I will be talking about how gender has been presented in the clip.

There is a range of camera angles, as there is close ups, long shots and a range of another angles being presented through the scene. Also by having mid shots it shows the audience the protagonist faces and the way they are reacting towards school. By including a range of shots it gives the scene a different affect. There is a range of movement in the camera, they have used the 180 rule which shows that they are following the rules because the camera only turns in a 180 way. When the mum was speaking it changes the camera angle, as they are showing her face and the way that they are being presented throughout the scene. They have also included a pan and a zoom which presents they have used a range of angles and shots in the scene.

The sound that has been included is sound, by being in a school is very quiet at the moment but it is because everyone is lesson and it shows that there is not a lot of sound happening in the scene, but there is a lot of dialogue as the parent is talking to the director of the school about their kids joining the school. Also there is diegetic sound in some areas of the scene which gives an affect towards it because it makes the scene intense and grabs the audience attention into wanting to discover more with what is happening in the scene.

Furthermore, they have also included a range of cutting and transitions for example when they are sat in the in the office waiting to be spoken to, it cuts from one scene to another as one minute there is a teacher leaving the room and another person editing which represents that they have used a range of cutting and effects so that it makes the scene fit together and make it look like it has all been filmed together and give the audience something to look forward to as they wouldn’t know what is going to happen next in the scene. They have included an eye-line match which goes from one character’s face to it looking at what the character is looking at in the scene. In the background when the parent and head-teacher are speaking there is a phone ringing in the background which presents that there could be other things happening throughout the scene whilst they are in lesson

The scene has included a range of props so that it makes it look like a real school and by including a range of props it makes the scene more realistic and it gives the audience the idea that they are in a school. The lighting that has been including gives the scene a different affect because when they are sat in the office it gives a different affect and it makes the parent (mum) in control with what is happening because the mum and the children have a different lighting reflecting on them, which could represent that there mum is controlling them, and that they must do what there mum says. Each character has their own appearance which makes the scene more appealing to the audience as it represents as you don’t know what will happen throughout the time they are in school because there is of appearances in the scene. There make-up, hair and costume is different for each person that goes to the school just the clothes they have to wear must be the same as they are entering a school and they should wear the school uniform to show what school they go to.

The way gender has been presented in this scene is that there is a range of ages being presented in the scene which shows that there isn’t an exact type of gender. But by having an older head teacher it presents that he has done this job before and they know that they will have more experience about this and shows that they have more control towards this, nevertheless by also using a man as a head teacher it shows that they have a lot more control as men are presented as being strong and bring in control of everything, also by having younger people it could present to the audience that they don’t have much of an understanding with what is going on but is getting better more of an experience at working at the school but by using a female it could also present they don’t have much control and power of the school and they are better at doing other stuff round the school. Furthermore by including a range of ages it makes the scene more realistic because when you are in school there is a range of ages in the school and it also gives a different affect.

TV Drama - Waterloo Road - Age

TV Drama – Waterloo Road – Age

In this essay I will be talking about camera, sound, editing and mise-en-scene and how age is presented in this clip.

There is a range of camera angles in this scene, as when the scene starts there is a view of the teacher’s feet coming towards the students, as it looks like they have done something wrong. There is a close up of the students placing the camera inside the box to act like it wasn’t them that had broken the camera. In the scene there have including a behind the shoulder but you are able to see both students and the teacher telling the students off because they have done something wrong and he wants to discover what has happened, by including an over the shoulder shot it makes the scene more affective because it grabs the audience attention towards what is happening and it also gives and there is also an aerial shot because it is showing the audience where this scene is being set. There is also a long shot of a other teacher coming their way because the students have done something incorrect. Also there is a mid shot where the care taker is taking to a student about their being a broken window, when the student is taking there is a pan because the camera moves from left to right as it is showing both protagonist faces. When we get to 1minute 52seconds there is a section where there is a long shot but then turns into a zoom which zooms in, to the students talking, this gives the scene a dramatic affect because we do not know what is going to happen and makes the audience what will happen. 

The way age has been presented is that during the scenes there is a range of ages that have been presented in these scenes which means that there is a range of ages being presented in this scene, which also presents that as it is set in a school it signifies that there is going to be a range of ages. By having a range of ages it gives the filming a different type of affect because it grabs their attention and that it is based on a range of ages. Also the type of ages that would watch this programme is between the ages of 13 to 26 because this is the type of drama that could happen in school and they could find these types of series interesting and realise that there is a range of things that can actually happen in a school. It is just not a specific ageing which represents that this type of series is for many ages and it will grab all of the genders.

There has been a range of editing because there is a range of jump cut because it cuts to one scene and then returns to another, which represents that there is a range of things happening in school and they are trying to grab the audience attention and keep them interested in watching the series. There is a cross cutting which cuts from one scene to another and back to the scene which shows the audience to different sides of the school and different places and locations. Also there is a section where there have cutaways there is a section it also grabs tension towards the scene and makes the audience wonder what is actually happening and makes them think.

The sound that has been included in the video is very affective because the scene more effective as it is based in a school. By having students talking in the background it shows that there are many more people in the school and makes the scene more interesting and grabs the audience attention.  The actors have words to say which makes the audience more interested and keeps their attention as they want to know what is going to happen in the rest of the scene so by having a range of sound and a range of conversation it makes the scene more eye catchy and make them think. There is also diegetic sound because when the students were talking you could hear that other conversations in the background, which means that there isn’t just one conversation happening, instead there is a range.

The props that were including are the types of things that you would have in a school, they had used a classroom, with students learning and doing an assessment or work, there had been many more props that have been included in the scene, but by including a range of props represents that there is a range of scenes and a range props. Also I think that by including a range of props it makes the series more interesting and grabs the protagonist attention.  The lighting that had been including the scene makes the scene more interesting and more intense as you never know what will happen and by the way that the lighting has been presented gives an effect to the actors. Also each character has a different appearance as there are bad students and good students which represent it that there is something that happens in real life. By having a mixture of students it gives the programme tension because you will never know that will happen in the school. You will never know if it will be a good day in school or a bad day.  Each character has a different facial expression this links to the appearance of the character, which implies that by each character having a different facial expression represents that you will never know what the character will come out to be, as you see in the scene “where there is a new couple recently, she doesn’t seem very happy and is hiding something and he seems all happy and has never been as happy”.   The costume they have is; a tie, shirt and skirt or trousers and shoes, this demonstrates that the school has a theme and they know who goes to the school and they are looking after their security and if they didn’t have their uniform they would have known, it also makes the school more smart and has a different affect towards the school. The teachers have to wear smart clothes to show the student that by having a good representation is good and gets you further in place. There make-up and hair there is a range of hairstyles and make-up styles.

Analysis of Waterloo Road - Justin bullies Leo

Analysis of Justin bulling Leo Waterloo Road:

In this essay I will be talking about the clip that Justin bullies Leo, this clip is from Waterloo Road, I will be talking about camera, sound, editing and mise-en scene and how bullying has been shown in this clip.

There are a range of angle positions throughout the clip, but there is mainly some mid shots, close up and the 180 rule. By having the 180 rule it helps the audience know who is talking and it makes them follow the protagonist follow what is being said.  There is an establishing shot showing the audience where this is taking place and it gives it some sort of tension towards the clip.  The camera is position in a relation to the subject of the shot that is being taken, it is at a an eye angle position, also the camera is over Justin shoulder and when Justin goes to talk the camera angle changes but it sticks to the 180 rule but goes over Leo shoulder, to show the protagonist who is talking and what is being said in the clip.  The camera does not move much but it zooms out a bit when the girl gets involved and but then continues to be a mid-shot of the characters. The way that Justin grabs Leo’s arm it grabs tension because it makes the audience think what is he going to do Leo and the angle position is a mid-shot as it shows the audience half of his body and you have a clear understanding towards what is going to happen. When they talk the camera angle moves each time to show the audience who is talking this is called a 180 angle because it is not moving too much and keeping within the distance. When the teacher gets involved it the camera position changes and it grabs the audience perspective that what has just happened isn’t good and the camera changes from a 180 angle to a close up of the teachers face and talking to the students.

The sound that has been included is the characters talking and the bell going off telling the students that they have to go to their lessons, but the bell goes off quite some times as Justin and Leo bump into each other a lot which could signify that there is some sort of conflict between both of them, as Justin wants to figure out where Tiffany lives as his parents won’t tell him but there is more of a chance of them telling Leo and then Leo would tell Justin. When the bell goes off twice in the scene it signifies that they are running late to their lesson and that they are not following the rules which have been set.

Throughout this clip there has been some editing so that it all links together as when Leo goes over to speak to Flloyd as they are talking about something different in this part and it does not included Justin, meaning that they would have to link the clip together, there is many transitions because there is a jump cut because it cuts from one scene to another and there is editing to make the sound and the clip link together. There is a cross cutting where there is different people talking and then goes back to the main character, which also grabs tension to the audience because it makes them think what is going to happen. There is also diegetic sound in the background as when Leo and his brother Justin are talking you also here other voices in the background talking.

The type of gender that this is directed at is young teenagers from the ages of 13 to16 because they are in school and these types of episodes grab their attention and the advert makes them want to watch it as well, and as it is based in school it is more likely to be for their age.

The props that they have used is things that you would normally have in a school and to make it look realistic. Each of the characters have a different appearance meaning that there is some nice people and some that are badly behaved and it gives it some sort of tension because you will never know what will happen in the episode. The setting that it is taken place is a school and that means that you will never know what will happen because there is always some sort of tension in school, like in this scene there is bullying between two brothers as they are trying to find out where Tiffany is because their parents separated them and Leo is scared of his brother as he doesn’t know what things he would do.  The costumes that they have is a shirt, tie, blazer and trousers which is the sort of thing that you would wear to school and the uniform that they wear is formal which makes them seem that they are coming to school to work and not joke around. When Leo went over to his locker it made the scene have a different affect, also by having teachers around them at the time means could signify that they have teachers all around the school at break, lunch or during lesson time because they do not know what will happen whilst being in school. The colours that have been used in there uniform is primary colours as they are simple and it goes well with the colours that have been used in the screen.

When the teachers go and speak to Leo, Justin and the girl there is students walking in the background which represents that they are in school and they are going to their lesson and not causing any problems. By the teacher walking through the middle of them it grabs tension because it shows that they there is someone else there to resolve the problem and believes that there is no point of having two teachers resolving this problem. The teacher’s facial expression shows that she is fed up of these sort of problems that have been happening and that they need to have more control.

Leo in this scene believes to be scared of Justin as he knows what Justin is capable of if he doesn’t get on his bad side and he just wants to resolve this for Justin so that he leaves Leo alone. Leo knows what Justin is capable of because there has been previous scenes where Justin has miss behaved and caused dramas meaning that Leo doesn’t want to be one of the boys that makes Justin go mad, so by Leo facial expression he show that he is scared and is afraid that if he doesn’t figure out the information for him that something will happen to him, so he wants to discover the address to give to Justin so that he is left alone and not be afraid when he is in school. Leo also feels bad for Floyd because Justin has made Floyd lose his sister and that they aren’t able to see his sister.  Even though Floyd doesn’t show that he is annoyed it shows in his facial expression. Justin’s facial expression show that he is determent to find where she is because he doesn’t like being far away from here.

The reason why my group chose to do this scene was because we believed that this scene was the most effective because the scene was based in a school meaning that it would make our performance more effective by making our scene in the school. Also many schools have children that have been bullied meaning by re-making this scene it would make the scene more effective and show the audience that bullying someone to find out information is not a good thing as it can cause many more problems. Furthermore, I thought that by the scene having a range of camera angles and movement it would show that we were able to show people that we know a range of angle positions and make it more interesting by including different angle positions and you would be able to see the facial expression of the characters. It was an interesting task to complete because it showed us a bit about filming the scenes and the different camera angles.

Reverse Story Board – Amy brings drugs to school

Reverse story board from susanamariz24

Columbia Pictures; British Industry

Columbia Pictures:

Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (CPII) is an American film production and distribution studio of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group. It was found in January 10 of 1924, in Los Angeles, California and United States. The founders of this company were Harry Cohn, Jack Cohn, Joe Brandt. The owner of Columbia Pictures is Sony. By 1920, the film industry was attracting audiences of 35 million a week willing to pay five cents a pop to be drawn into the magical world of filmed entertainment.  They would run Columbia for the next 34 years, the second-longest tenure of any studio chief, behind only Warner Bros. 'Jack L. Warner.

They have made many popular films which have grabbed the audience attention towards this. They have made many films like, James Bond 2015 (Spectre), Goosebumps, Ghostbusters and The Smurfs, they were all popular and have had many good views towards this.

The logo had changed throughout the years and now it is different compared to how it is now and you can see many changes in the logo. The Columbia Pictures logo, a woman carrying a torch and draped in the American flag (representing Columbia, a personification of the United States), has gone through five major revisions. In 1924, Columbia Pictures used a logo featuring a female Roman soldier holding a shield in her left hand and a stick of wheat in her right hand. The logo changed in 1928 with the figure wearing a draped flag and torch. The woman wore the stola and carried the palla of ancient Rome, and above her were the words "A Columbia Production" ("A Columbia Picture" or "Columbia Pictures Corporation") written in an arch. This type of logo grabs the audience attention because it is different compared to the other brands meaning that when a new film comes on and the brand appears they will now which brand it is. The colours that has been used is simple and not used to many colours and by only using a few colours it makes the rest of the logo stand out, the colours brown, blue and white are a good colour because they are a mixture and they are not to complex. The text is bold and clear and grabs the audience attention and it is behind the protagonist but you are still able to read what it is saying.

20th Century Fox; America Industry

20^th Century:

20^th Century was began to produce films on the 1^st of January but also there is 20^th Century Fox which was found in May 31 and the founder was Joseph M. Schenck and Darryl F. Zannuck and also the parent of this was Fox Filmed Entertainment. The type of products that they do is motion pictures and television films. It was one of the world's largest producers and distributors of motion pictures, Fox Filmed Entertainment (FFE) produces, acquires and distributes motion pictures throughout the world. These motion pictures are produced or acquired by the following units of FFE: Twentieth Century Fox, Fox 2000, Fox Searchlight Pictures and Twentieth Century Fox Animation there are many companies that have just spread throughout the years.

20^th Century has created many films and they have been a very good success, many companies for example there is; Big Mama, Sound of Music, Titanic and many other films which some have become a success and some haven’t as much. 20^th Century has created many children films and many adult films which means that it has become a very big popular type of brand.

The century in human history was dominated by World War I and World War II, nationalism and decolonization, the Cold War and Post-Cold War conflicts, cultural homogenization through developments in transportation and communications technology, world population growth, awareness of environmental degradation, and the birth of the Digital Revolution. It saw great advances in communication and medical technology that by the late 1980s allowed for near-instantaneous worldwide computer communication and direct genetic modification of plant, animal and human life. 

The logo has changed throughout the years because before it was in black and white and now it has changed to being in colour. By including colours towards the logo it makes the logo stand out and grabs the audience attention towards this. Also by writing “20^th century Fox” bold and big it tells the audience who the film was produced by. The lights give the logo a different affect because it is trying to show that it is very important and it stands out and grabs the protagonist attention towards the film and then them now that the film is going to start soon and it gives tension. Also the gold writing and the mixture of purple, blue and black in the background and it gives more colour towards the page and they are a good mixture of colours put together and they have only used 4 colours which means that the logo doesn’t crash and make it more interesting.

Film Language: Technical Features

Film Language:

Camera Shots, Angle, Movement and Compositions:

Establishing Shot: It is normally the first shot of a new scene that has been designed to show the audience where the action is taking place.

Master Shot: A film recording of an entire dramatized scene which is from the start to finish from an angle that keeps all the players in view. It is often a long shot and can sometime perform a double function as an establishing shot.

Close up: A shot that keeps only the face full in the frame. Perhaps the most important building block in cinematic storytelling.

Mid Shot: A shot taken from a medium distance.

Long Shot: A shot that depicts an entire character or object from head to foot.

Wide shot: The subject takes up the full frame. Obviously the subject doesn't take up the whole width and height of the frame, since this is as close as we can get without losing any part of him.

Two Shot: A medium shot that depicts two people in the frame. Used primarily when you want to establish links between characters or people who are beside rather than facing each other.

180 rule:  It's a basic rule that means that two characters should always have the same left and right relationship to each other. When a camera crosses the 'axis' connecting to two subjects it is called 'crossing the line'. The new shot is called the reverse angle

High Lighting: Is a style of lighting for film, television, or photography that aims to reduce the lighting present in the scene.

Low Lighting: Is a style of lighting for photography, film or television. It is a necessary element in creating a chiaroscuro effect.

Aerial Shots: An exterior shot from the air. Often used to establish a location.

Point of view shot: A shot that depicts the point of view of a character so that we see exactly what they see. Often used in Horror cinema to see the world through a killer's eyes.

Over the shoulder shot: A shot where the camera is positioned behind one subject's shoulder, usually during a conversation. It implies a connection between the speakers as opposed to the single shot that suggests distance.

Pan: A shot where the camera moves continuously right to left or left to right. An abbreviation of "panning". Turns up a lot in car chases and on You've Been Framed.

High angle: Shot looking down on a character or subject often isolating them in the frame

Low angle: A shot looking up at a character or subject often making them look bigger in the frame. It can make everyone look heroic and/or dominant. Also good for making cities look empty.

Canted angle: A camera angle which is deliberately slanted to one side, sometimes used for dramatic effect to help portray unease, disorientation, frantic or desperate action, intoxication, madness, etc.

Tilt: A shot where the camera is tilted on its side to create a kooky angle.

Track: A shot that follows a character and object from behind, alongside or in front of them.

Dolly: A shot that sees the camera track forward toward a subject while simultaneously zooming out creating a woozy, vertiginous effect                                                  

Crane: A shot where the camera is placed on a crane or jib and moved up or down.

Steadicam: A shot from a hydraulically balanced camera that allows for a smooth, fluid movement.

Hand- held: A shot in which the camera operator holds the camera during motion to create a jerky, immediate feel.

Zoom: A shot deploying a lens with a variable focal length that allows the cinematographer to change the distance between camera and object without physically moving the camera. 

Reverse Zoom: When you zoom out of something.

Framing: The position from which the image was created, for example the border between the space we allowed to see and which is out of our sight.

Rule of Thirds: The rule of thirds is a concept in video and film production in which the frame is divided into nine imaginary sections. This creates reference points which act as guides for framing the image.

Depth of field: The amount of the distance between the nearest and farthest objects that appears in the acceptably sharp focus of the photo.

Deep Focus: Is a photographic and cinematographic technique using a large depth of field.

Shallow Focus: The opposite of deep focus, where the depth of field is smaller keeping only one plane in sharp focus.

Focus pulls: The focus pull is a creative camera technique in which you change focus during a shot. Usually this means adjusting the focus from one subject to another. The shot below begins focused on the plant in the foreground, then adjusts focus until the girl is sharp.

Reverse shot: A shot that views the action from the opposite side of the previous shot, as during a conversation between two actors, giving the effect of looking from one actor to the other.

Eyeline Match: Is a film editing technique associated with the continuity editing system. It is based on the premise that the audience will want to see what the character on-screen is seeing.

Graphic Match:  Is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which objects in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorical

Action Match: That when something happens in the scene then when there is a cut the same piece of action must be going on.

Jump cut: Is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly

Crosscutting: Is a drama technique borrowed from the world of film editing, where two scenes are inter-cut to establish continuity.

Parallel Editing:  Is the technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations

Cutaway: In film and video, a cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else.

Dissolve: In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another

Fade in& Fade out: Play media. A dissolve transition between two still images. In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another.

Wipe: A way of mixing from one image to another in which neither fades, but the incoming image replaces the second in any of a variety of ways, such as ‘opening up’ from the centre or rushing in from the side.

Superimposition: Is the placement of an image or video on top of an already-existing image or video, usually to add to the overall image effect, but also sometimes to conceal something

Long Take: A long take or one is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general, usually lasting several minutes. Long takes are often accomplished through the use of a dolly shot or Steadicam shot. Long takes of a sequence filmed in one shot without any editing are rare in films.

Short take: A shot taken close up.

Fast Motion: Action that appears to move faster than normal on the screen, accomplished by filming the action at less than normal speed in the camera and then projecting it at normal speed.

Ellipsis:  Is both a narrative device and the most basic idea in film editing. Ellipsis concerns the omission of a section of the story that is either obvious enough for the public to fill in or concealed for a narrative purpose, such as suspense or mystery.

Expansion of time:

Post- production visual effects: is part of the process of film making, video production and photography. It occurs in the making of motion pictures, television programs, radio programs, advertising, recordings, photography, and digital art. It is a term for all stages of production occurring after shooting or recording individual program segments.

Synchronous sound: Sound is sound that is matched to movements occurring in the scene e.g. when footsteps correspond to feet walking.

Asynchronous sound: Sound which makes the action being performed however is not precisely synchronised with the action.

Sound effects: Sounds produced artificially for a radio or television programme, a film etc.

Sound motif:  It’s associated with a character or a place.

Sound Bridge: When the scene begins with the carry-over sound from the previous scene before the new sound begins.

Dialogue: The things that are said by the characters in a story, movie, play, etc. or a discussion or series of discussions that two groups or countries have in order to end a disagreement.

Voice over: A piece of narration in a film or broadcast, not accompanied by an image of the speaker: the budget is summarized in a voice-over at the end of the news.

Mode of Address: Mode of address is how the media shouts at the audience, for example how music magazines are presented to the audience. There are four main types of modes, in class I learnt about 1^st person this can be used in a diary because you’re talking about yourself as in “I and me”. As well as 3^rd Person where this can be used as a narrative.

Direct Address: Looking directly at the person.

Sound Mixing: Mixing different type of music together.

Sound perspective: It helps us place a sound as either near or distant or coming from a particular lace within diegesis.

Score: Is original music written specifically to accompany a film. The score forms part of the film's soundtrack, which also usually includes dialogue and sound 

Incidental Music: Music specifically written to be played at the same time as the action of a film or play television programme.

Themes: Talking about what type of theme they want to include.

Stings:

Ambient Sound: Means the background sounds which are present in a scene or location. Common ambient sounds include wind, water, birds, crowds, office noises, traffic, etc.

Location: Where you are going to film something or going to go.

Studio: Where some of the recording is taking place.

Set Design: Designing and furniture’s and props for the filming.

Costumes: Clothing they use for the actors.

Make-up: Make-up for the actors and so that they look there part.

Properties: